How do pine trees grow?

Did you know that pine cones contain seeds from which new pine trees can grow?
Each pine tree produces some male cones and some female cones.
Cone-bearing trees or shrubs are known as conifers.
If you have pine trees growing near your home, try to find a cone of each type.
Ask an adult to cut the cones carefully in half from top to bottom, and then you can see what's inside each one.
Both male and female cones are made up of many scales arranged round a central axis.
In the female cone the scales are thick and woody.
Each scale carries two ovules, which will become seeds.
Male cones are smaller. They have pollen sacs on their scales, in which pollen grains are produced.
The wind carries the pollen grains, and some of them land between the scales of female cones.
It then takes three years for the male cells to join with female cells and produce a seed which will grow into a new pine tree.

Folding step stool woodworking plan - Step by Step Guide

A Step-Ladder Stool is of just the right height for general household use, for washing woodwork, or for reaching upper shelves in the pantry. It also makes an excellent kitchen stool, the lower step serving the purpose of a foot-rest. When the ladder-stool is not in use, it may be folded into the compact form shown in Fig. 119, and stood behind a door or in some other out of the way place. The Ladder consists of three portions, the steps (Fig. 120), the rear legs (Fig. 125), and the seat or top step (Fig. 128). The Side Rails of the steps (A, Fig. 120) should be cut of the dimensions shown in Fig. 121. Mark the ends to be cut to the angle shown, the top to be notched to receive an end of the crosspiece D (Fig. 120). The diagram shows the positions for steps B and C. The steps must pitch at the same angle as the rail ends. Groove the side pieces to a depth of 3/8 inch, to receive the ends of the steps (Fig. 123). You will see by Fig. 120 that the sides of the grooves must ...

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